-wiki+assignment-

CURRENT INNOVATION OF FOOD INGREDIENTS

__NOVEL SWEETENERS__ There are newer sweeteners are becoming more frequently publicized as sugar replacers. Each is made from different carbohydrate sources, and each bestows slightly different functional properties.

FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are manufactured by fragmenting a large molecule. In the case of FOS, that molecule (polysaccharide) is inulin. Inulin is a polysaccharide in which a single glucose unit ends a chain of up to sixty fructose units linked together. Inulin occurs naturally in chicory, Jerusalem artichokes, wheat, onions and bananas. Chicory and Jerusalem artichoke are the commercial sources of FOS products. May be used in
 * Hard and soft candies
 * Baked goods – biscuits, cakes, crackers
 * Frozen daiy dessert
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cereals
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jams
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jellies
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Flavoured and unflavoured milks and soups

<span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> v <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">As a binder and stabilizer in a variety of meat and poultry products <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> ** TAGATOSE ** <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tagatose occurs naturally in dairy products, but the commercial product is manufactured from lactose (milk sugar) by a patented process. It is very similar to fructose in structure. <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tagatose has the bulk of sugar, and is almost as sweet. However, it has only 1.5 calories per gram since less than 20% of ingested tagatose is absorbed in the small intestine. Although tagatose is digested the same as fructose, its limited absorption means that it is metabolized mainly in the large intestine. The short chain fatty acids promote the growth of the two bacteria recognized to improve colon health. Consequently, the prebiotic potential of tagatose is often stressed for the foods using this sugar replacer. <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">May be used in
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Soft and hard candies
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Frozen dairy desserts
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cereals
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Frosting and fillings
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Chewing gum

** TREHALOSE ** <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Trehalose is found naturally in such diverse foods as honey, mushrooms, shrimp and lobster, and in foods produced with baker's or brewer's yeast. Commercially, trehalose is manufactured from cornstarch. Although trehalose is a disaccharide of two glucose units, its molecular bonding makes it different than maltose, the other glucose disaccharide made from cornstarch. Trehalose has four calories per gram – same as sugar – but is only half as sweet. <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mainly used to <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> Ø <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Preserve the texture and structure of frozen fruits and vegetables  <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> Ø <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Add thickness to purees and fillings  <span style="display: block; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> Ø <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Enhance flavours of dried fruits.