Nadiah+Lecture+Summary

**GUM & STABILIZERS**

__**Hydrocolloid**__
 * refers to a range of polysaccharides and proteins
 * known as 'water soluble gums' or 'gum'



__**Primary function:**__
 * thickening agents
 * gelling or texturing

__**Secondary function:**__
 * stabilization
 * suspension
 * control of crystallizayion
 * encapsulation
 * formation of film

** __Sources of hydrocolloids:__ **

 * BOTANICAL **
 * Trees - //Cellulose//
 * Trees gum exudates - //Gum arabic, gum karaya, gum ghatti, gum tragacanth//
 * Plant parts - //Starch, pectin, cellulose//
 * Seeds - //Guar gum, locust bean gum, tara gum, tamatind gu//m
 * Tubers - //Konjac glucomannan//

**ALGAL**

//sea//
 * Red seaweeds - //Agar, carrageenan//
 * Brown seaweeds - //Alginate//

**MICROBIAL**
 * //Xanthan gum, curdlan, dextran, gellan gum, cellulose//

**ANIMAL**
 * //Gelatin, caseinate, whey protein, chitosan//

**CHEMICAL PHYSICAL MODIFICATION** - Methylcellulose (MC) - Hydroxypropycellulose - Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
 * Cellulose derivatives - Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
 * Starch derivatives - Hydroxypropyl starch
 * Proplylene glycol starch
 * Low methoxyl pectin
 * Hydroxypropyl guar